2024
№ 2
(Vol. 11)
The problem of mediatization of cognitive terms in modern Russian socio-political media is considered. The study examines various approaches to the mediatization studies, which is comprehended at various levels: as a social process, discursive process, as well as the resulting transformation of lexemes in media texts. Thus, the mediatization of terms is considered as a consequence of global social and discursive processes, manifested in the semantic and pragmatic transformations of terms in the media. The object of the study is 22 terms that are relevant in scientific discourse and denote cognitive processes and phenomena, as well as approaches to their study. The functioning of the terms was studied on the material of 6704 contexts in the newspaper subcorpus of the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The aim of the study is to compare the semantics, pragmatic functions of cognitive terms in the media and scientific discourses, to identify factors that influence the features of mediatization of terms. To achieve this aim, N-grams, the frequency of use in media and scientific discourses were studied using the corpus statistics. The use of terms in the concordance lists of the NCRL were studied with semantic, contextual analysis. The semantics of terms in media texts is compared with the semantics in scientific discourse according to specialized dictionaries of cognitive terms. Discursive, pragmatic features of these lexemes are also analyzed to identify atypical functions, expressive contexts of use. As a result, the terms are divided into 4 groups depending on the characteristics of their use in media texts and the mediatization specific: 1) terms that are not mediatized; 2) terms with wider semantics in the media discourse; 3) terms that have differential semes in comparison with scientific discourse; 4) terms that function in non-standard combinations, expressive contexts.
2024
№ 2
(Vol. 11)
Speech factors for ensuring popular science media communication stability are analyzed, which are aimed for preventing communicative threats such as distrust to information, doubt of invention’s novelty and usefulness, misunderstanding of an explanation, lack of interest in the message, and skepticism about scientific knowledge. To prevent communicative threats, a media text acquires an objecting potential, which has been called text resistance. The media speech resistance is explicated in metatext, i. e. a subtext formation created by multi-level linguistic means to convey information about the content and nature of the author’s response to hypothetical communicative “impedance” of an addressee. While studying text resistance markers, variable responding strategies to an addressee impedance were found. Having expanded the concept of resistance, the typological method used showed that in each popularization strategy — informing, counseling, enlightenment, promotion — the hypothesis of a “impeding” addressee is formed and specific strategy for achieving resistance dominates. In order to increase reliability of presentation, a news source is demonstrated, which is repeatedly attested, and novelty and usefulness of covered scientific discovery are emphasized to reduce possible skepticism. While consulting, it is important the popular science mass audience to make understand scientific information, for this logic of explanation is demonstrated, and this mode of speech interaction is maintained throughout an explanation. In enlightenment, an emotional modus framework of interest in the socially significant scientific narrative about an outstanding scientist is created, thereby a cognitive impulse for an addressee’s semantic field expansion is formed. Scientists are shown worthy of memory and admiration, so a narrative is built in a pathetic and respectful modus framework. The success of promotional communication is ensured by the means of organizing personality-oriented communication, which help to create an atmosphere of reasoned evidence-based communication with a competent addressee. These methods contribute to elasticity and stability of communication.
2024
№ 2
(Vol. 11)
The article discusses the phatic speech means of one of the genres of media discourse — the genre of television interview. A brief description of the media discourse is given, the structure of the television interview is described, some of its linguistic and extralinguistic features are clarified, including a high degree of generalization and depersonalization of the sender-interviewer and individualization of the sender-interviewee, a high degree of depersonalization of the recipient, assimilation of the styles of public and everyday communication of communicants, diverse conditionality and interdiscursivity of the message. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of the phatic component of a television interview, including in accordance with the realized speech roles of the sender, with the need to accentuate individual components of the communicative situation in particular and accentuate the interaction of the sender and recipient in general. In line with the communicative-discursive research paradigm, the meaningful components of the ritualized communicative situation of the “TV interview” are illustrated: greeting, presentation, discussion, summing up, gratitude, farewell. The general trends of actualization of phatic speech means in the Russian, German and English languages corresponding to these content components are outlined. The phatic component correlates with other components of the TV interview: informative, influencing and regulatory. As illustrative material, we use stereotypically actualized by the senders phatic speech means from the current TV interviews of the TV channels RT (Russia Today), Deutsche Welle* and BBC. The categories forming the basis of the communicative and discursive analysis of TV interviews are outlined. Conclusions are formulated and prospects for further research of the actualization of phatic speech means in Russian-, German- and Englishlanguage TV interviews are outlined, including the study of the actualization of phatic speech means focused on the perception of diverse potential recipients of TV interviews. Keywords: media discourse, TV interview, phatic speech tools.
* Recognized as a foreign agent in Russian Federation.
2024
№ 2
(Vol. 11)
The article is devoted to the study of semantic uncertainty in the texts of legal and media discourses using online programs. The object of the study is conflict factors caused by semantic uncertainty in problem areas. An assessment and description of problem areas in machine translation of media texts was carried out, taking into account lexical ambiguity. The prerequisites for possible conflict situations when translating texts on legal and environmental topics are described. In achieving this goal, both traditional linguistic and innovative methods of analysis (use of artificial intelligence technologies) were used. The characteristics of the philosophical category of uncertainty are given according to the following methodology: 1) assessment of the semantic uncertainty of reverse machine translation texts, taking into account the discursive factor; 2) comparison of legislative and media texts for their similarity to the original after machine translation. The comparative analysis took into account the following parameters: the total number of words in the texts; similarity of texts in percentage terms; presence of various fragments. It is shown that discursive and linguistic means of realizing semantic uncertainty have a significant impact on the reader’s perception of the text. A comparison of two discourses of the same thematic focus on environmental management revealed the influence of the context (discourse) and the intermediary language on the degree of translatability of the text. It has been established that semantic uncertainty and tension zones as conflict-generating factors depend on the quality of translation programs. The study took into account possible errors associated with the limited capabilities of the online programs used. Prospects for studying problem areas in reverse machine translation include expanding sources of empirical material, involving other computer-assisted translation systems, and the possibility of applying research results in an expanded context of “potential conflict”.
2024
№ 2
(Vol. 11)
The article defines the communication strategies of creating the image of the USSR on the basis of statistical and qualitative analysis of the Argumenty i Fakty content. The empirical basis of the article is based on the material of the newspaper published from 1992 to 2022. The use of statistical methods to analyze all issues (by continuous sampling) made it possible to identify the range of articles that mention the lexemes “USSR”, “Soviet Union”, “Union Soviet”, “country Soviet”. Communication strategies are determined by analyzing the frequency of mentioning certain word forms in the media content. The use of the thematic modeling algorithm, namely, the method of machine learning allowed us to analyze the corpus of documents, to detect patterns of words and phrases that occur most often and thus characterize the content of Argumenty i Fakty, and to automatically group articles in which terms close in meaning occur. Thus, 5757 articles were classified and 95 clusters were identified, which in turn were reduced to 16 large thematic blocks: sports, cinema, economy, music, memory, ideology, politics, education, space, debts and credits, products, man, war in Afghanistan, intelligence, atomic project. The most prominent images of the USSR in the newspaper Argumenty i Fakty appear to be the following: the winner in World War II and the geopolitical rival of the USA in the Cold War. Statistical analysis of the articles proves the importance of the Soviet experience for understanding Russia’s domestic and foreign policy. Qualitative discourse analysis shows the prevalence of positive representation of the Soviet era, which allows to label the USSR as a significant “other” for contemporary Russia. Argumenty i Fakty is characterized as an important agent/subject of the contemporary politics of symbolic identification. Keywords: image of the USSR, quantitative content analysis, Argumenty i Fakty, traditional media, communication strategies.
2024
№ 2
(Vol. 11)
The authors of the article analyze the materials of one of the most famous public polemics of the Soviet period. The purpose is to identify factors affecting the specifics of the presentation of a scientific idea in the media; mechanisms for the formation of broadcast meanings depending on the status and communicative attitudes of participants in scientific polemics, a description of the object and markers of objections of various types and forms. The empirical basis of the research is publications in the media of the 1950–1980s. The empirical base was created in accordance with the principle of representative sampling. The methodological foundations of the analytical approach were developed by our predecessors when formatting the cognitive approach to the study of the communicative interaction of speech subjects. When creating the analytical algorithm, modern methods of intentional-stylistic analysis of the media text were used. The main conclusion: the communicative trajectory of the promotion of a scientific idea depends not only on the addressee factor, the information channel, but also on the features of the global communicative situation, the status characteristics of the subject of speech, his communicative attitudes. At different stages of scientific controversy in the public communicative space, the volume of scientific knowledge presented in the process of its popularization changes. The results of scientific research, the results of the work of specialized expert commissions, historical analogies, precedent information about similar projects are introduced into public communication. The administrative capabilities of the subject of speech provoke the use of tricks instead of verbalized versions of the objection, changing the object of criticism. The motivational part of the communicative trajectory is represented not only by calls to suspend the project embodying the scientific idea under discussion, but, crucially, by alternative ideas that stimulate scientific search in a certain area. The potential of the media material selected for analysis provides untapped opportunities to study the process of socialization of scientific knowledge, the deployment of public polemics as a means of neutralizing anti-scientific administrative decisions.
2024
№ 2
(Vol. 11)
This article discusses how US and UK liberal media slowly but surely created a skewed representation of 45th US President Donald Trump. Asserting that the media are biase and the images of Donald Trump in print media show political slant of the newspapers, the research analyzes partisan media and image portraying words therein. Usage labels enable identification of the ever-powerful lexical instrument used by the media to create a distorted image of the politician and manipulate the citizens; therefore, the paper aims to analyze evaluative lexical items used in media texts to mould required images of Donald Trump. The research examines the articles on Donald Trump’s key activities in early 2020 in the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Guardian, and the Independent. The methodological framework includes the data of the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), which is evenly divided between the five genres of spoken discourse, fiction, popular magazines, newspapers, and academic journals. Analyzing words in terms of their usage frequency in each of these genres provides a clear picture of the target audience. The Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners provides the most precise and comprehensive classification of the style labels, including “formal”, “informal”, “literary”, “impolite”, “showing disapproval”, “journalism”, and “phrasal verbs”. This combination of the corpus-based approach and the dictionary-based approach resulted from the need to supplement the research with quantitative and qualitative data to study manifestations of political slant in the media holistically. Analyzing image portraying words in the media enables us to describe the key evaluative vocabulary, study Donald Trump’s profile and interpretations of his activities in the liberal media, identify political bias and distortion of facts in mass communications, and define new trends in journalism, medialinguistics, and political communication.
2024
№ 2
(Vol. 11)
The decoding and interpretation of the meaning of the sign as a code located in the left corner of the newspaper and the function of the message given in that communication with the reader, is the subject of this research study. The study covers all aspects of the ideational/ representative function, revealing the meaning of the figures or photographs displayed in the left corner of six Western Balkan newspapers. The signs are decoded and clarified, revealing their meaningful messages. The analysis is done not only on the narrative process, but also on the conceptual process. To achieve this objective, an attempt has been made to respond to the semiotic resources used by newspaper designers in the compilation of the newspaper sign, as well as by interpreting the meaning they present and their objectives. The study is based on the case study method. Several different methods have been used in the study, such as: The method of analysis, of decomposition, and interpretation and the qualitative method, from which the research method is included in the analysis and the research instrument is defined focusing on the signs of the names of the newspapers as the object of this research. The study is channeled in analyzing the semiotic signs that appear in the names of online newspapers of the Western Balkans, and through these semiotic signs the cultural and regional diversity of this region is understood in a way. The findings show that the signs of the online newspapers of the Western Balkans mainly have red color, black letters and white background, which are related to their goals, that the writings are current and relevant to the public.
Keywords: color, message, online media, sign, Western Balkans, Западные Балканы, знак, интернет-СМИ, сообщение, цвет